Module 4: Unit Review

Learning Objectives

Review and reinforce key concepts from all modules in this sprint
Threading Concepts: Understanding concurrency, thread management, and synchronization in Java applications
Metrics Monitoring: Implementing and utilizing AWS CloudWatch metrics to monitor application performance
Functional Programming: Using lambda expressions for cleaner, more concise code in Java applications
Integration: Combining these concepts to build robust, performant Java applications

Sprint Summary

This module provides a comprehensive review of all concepts covered in this sprint, preparing you for the sprint challenge. We'll revisit key topics and ensure you have a solid understanding of the material.

Introduction to Threads (Module 1)
AWS CloudWatch Metrics (Module 2)
Java Lambda Expressions (Module 3)
Integration of these concepts in real-world applications

Learning Objectives Review

Threading Concepts:
- Create and manage Java threads using both Thread subclasses and Runnable implementations
- Understand thread lifecycle states (NEW, RUNNABLE, BLOCKED, WAITING, TERMINATED)
- Implement thread synchronization to prevent race conditions
- Determine when concurrency is appropriate for performance improvements
CloudWatch Metrics:
- Describe CloudWatch concepts: namespace, metric, dimension, statistics, period, alarm
- Design and implement custom metrics for specific business requirements
- Select appropriate statistics and aggregation periods for different scenarios
- Work with percentile-based metrics (p50, p90, p99) for performance analysis
Lambda Expressions:
- Implement functional interfaces with lambda expressions
- Use built-in interfaces: Function, Consumer, Supplier, and Predicate
- Apply method references as alternatives to lambda expressions
- Process collections using the Stream API with lambda expressions

Key Takeaways

Threading Concepts: Understanding concurrency, thread management, and synchronization in Java applications
Metrics Monitoring: Implementing and utilizing AWS CloudWatch metrics to monitor application performance
Functional Programming: Using lambda expressions for cleaner, more concise code in Java applications
Integration: Combining these concepts to build robust, performant Java applications

Practical Examples Review

Thread Implementation Example

// Creating a thread using Runnable
public class TaskExecutor {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create multiple threads for concurrent execution
        Thread downloadThread = new Thread(new DownloadTask(), "DownloadThread");
        Thread processingThread = new Thread(new ProcessingTask(), "ProcessingThread");
        
        // Start threads
        downloadThread.start();
        processingThread.start();
        
        // Join threads to wait for completion
        try {
            downloadThread.join();
            processingThread.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.err.println("Thread interrupted: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        
        System.out.println("All tasks completed");
    }
}

class DownloadTask implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // Thread-safe code with proper synchronization
        synchronized(this) {
            System.out.println("Downloading data in " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            // Simulate work
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        }
    }
}

CloudWatch Metrics Example

// Publishing metrics to CloudWatch
private void publishMetrics(String metricName, double value) {
    try {
        // Create CloudWatch client
        AmazonCloudWatch cloudWatch = AmazonCloudWatchClientBuilder.standard()
                .withRegion(Regions.US_EAST_1)
                .build();
        
        // Define metric with dimensions
        MetricDatum datum = new MetricDatum()
                .withMetricName(metricName)
                .withUnit(StandardUnit.Count)
                .withValue(value)
                .withDimensions(
                    new Dimension()
                        .withName("ServiceName")
                        .withValue("UserService"),
                    new Dimension()
                        .withName("Environment")
                        .withValue("Production")
                );
        
        // Create and submit request
        PutMetricDataRequest request = new PutMetricDataRequest()
                .withNamespace("MyApplication")
                .withMetricData(datum);
                
        cloudWatch.putMetricData(request);
        logger.info("Published metric: " + metricName + " with value: " + value);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        logger.error("Failed to publish CloudWatch metric", e);
    }
}

Lambda Expressions Example

// Processing data with Stream API and lambda expressions
public class DataProcessor {
    public List<UserDTO> processUsers(List<User> users) {
        return users.stream()
            // Filter active users using Predicate
            .filter(user -> user.isActive() && user.getLastLogin().isAfter(LocalDate.now().minusDays(30)))
            // Transform User to UserDTO using Function
            .map(user -> {
                UserDTO dto = new UserDTO();
                dto.setId(user.getId());
                dto.setDisplayName(user.getFirstName() + " " + user.getLastName());
                dto.setLastLoginDays(ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(user.getLastLogin(), LocalDate.now()));
                return dto;
            })
            // Sort by last login using Comparator and method reference
            .sorted(Comparator.comparing(UserDTO::getLastLoginDays))
            // Limit to top 10 most recent
            .limit(10)
            // Collect results
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
    
    // Using various functional interfaces
    public void demonstrateFunctionalInterfaces() {
        // Supplier - provides a value
        Supplier<LocalDate> dateSupplier = LocalDate::now;
        
        // Consumer - accepts a value
        Consumer<String> logger = message -> System.out.println("[LOG]: " + message);
        
        // Function - transforms input to output
        Function<String, Integer> wordCounter = s -> s.split("\\s+").length;
        
        // Predicate - tests a condition
        Predicate<Integer> isEven = num -> num % 2 == 0;
    }
}

Guided Project

Sprint Challenge Preparation

To prepare for the sprint challenge, review the following:

Review all module content and code-alongs
Practice implementing threads in your own applications
Experiment with CloudWatch metrics and alarms
Write code using lambda expressions and functional interfaces
Complete any outstanding practice exercises